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81.
Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents. 相似文献
82.
在马铃薯原种生产中,播种密度和播种期对原种繁育的产量、种薯大小等有着明显的影响。选用当地主栽品种大西洋,于2017-2018年在山丹县冷凉区域,同一地点开展不同播期和密度试验。播种选择4月25日、5月5日、5月15日、5月25日和6月5日,种植密度设置60 000、90 000、120 000、150 000和180 000粒/hm 2 5个水平。结果表明,在当地的栽培模式大垄双行覆膜种植下,4月25日-5月15日播种,播种密度为120 000、150 000粒/hm 2,产量在45 285~46 770kg/hm 2,中种薯率在75.3%~79.6%,合格种薯多,均为最高,且此范围产量差异不显著。考虑到节约原原种投入降低成本,生产中优选120 000粒/hm 2的播种密度,在4月25日-5月15日种植,是大西洋原种繁育的最佳选择方案。 相似文献
83.
84.
成都平原不同作物种植模式生产效率及其影响因素研究—以成都市郫都区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究成都平原不同种植模式的农田生产效率,基于2017年对成都市郫都区13个乡镇92户农户调查数据,运用DEA-Tobit模型分析了郫都区主要的水旱轮作和旱作种植模式的农田经营效率及影响因素。研究结果表明:不同种植模式平均农田生产效率为0.793,不同模式农田生产效率排序依次为蔬菜连作或轮作(0.957)、水稻-大蒜(0.847)、水稻-油菜(0.782)、韭菜连作(0.759)、水稻-蔬菜(0.722)、水稻-圆根萝卜(0.689),农田生产效率未达到有效值1的原因主要是规模效益较低;同时,各模式均存在资金和劳动力投入冗余,水稻-蔬菜、水稻-油菜模式还存在产出不足问题;影响6种模式生产效率的因素均不相同,政策因素对农田生产效率的影响相对较大。为进一步提高郫都区农田生产效率,建议适度推广农田规模化经营,加强农村富余劳动力转移,完善各类农业政策措施。 相似文献
85.
86.
Sizhong Wang Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji Cao Guo Xiaoming Sun Akash Tariq 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(6):792-804
ABSTRACTSoil macrofauna is vital for soil functions and soil-mediated processes in all ecosystems. However, environmental perturbations, such as drought, that threaten both the abundance and function of soil macrofauna remain mostly unexplored, particularly in an agroforestry system. We investigated the effects of drought on soil macrofauna abundance and vertical distribution under three different planting systems including two intercropping systems, comprising Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) intercropped with soybean (Glycine max) (Z-G) or bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) (Z-C), and one monoculture system, comprising only Z. bungeanum (Z). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm, and soil macrofauna and chemical properties were analyzed. Soil dryness negatively affected soil macrofauna in all planting systems. Drought reduced the total macrofauna density, biomass, genera richness, and Pielou’s evenness. Additionally, drought significantly decreased density and biomass of Drawida and Eisenia but had no effect on Carabid beetles. Soil macrofauna density was highest in the Z-G intercropping system and higher at 0–10 cm than at other soil depths. These results indicate that intercropping soybean rather than bell pepper increases the abundance and biomass of soil macrofauna, and drought remarkably impacts the response of soil macrofauna to planting systems. 相似文献
87.
X. Y. Wang C. W. Zhang W. T. Huang J. Yue J. J. Dou L. Y. Wang Q. Wang Y. Q. Cheng 《Plant pathology》2020,69(1):149-158
Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus-resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV-2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro-grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in field-grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-3, GLRaV-2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot-grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses. 相似文献
88.
89.
为科学利用大豆的生物固氮作用,筛选玉米大豆带状复种模式下最佳组合,本试验以‘大丰26’(IC1)、‘大丰30’(IC2)、‘强盛51’(IC3)及‘强盛388’(IC4)为实验材料,采用单因素随机区组长期定位试验测得各玉米品种氮素利用及产量数据。结果表明:玉米大豆带状复种模式下玉米产量及地上部生物量均表现为IC2>IC3>IC4>IC1 (P<0.05)。相比IC1、IC3及IC4处理,IC2处理下年平均氮素积累量、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率及氮素偏生产率分别显著增加了10.8%、11.0%、15.3%;17.3%、32.3%、26.2%;36.8%、34.9%、30.1%;18.8%、20.6%、12.5%,而IC2处理年平均氮素收获指数较IC4处理显著降低4.6个百分点(P<0.05);此外,氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率、氮素收获指数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合表明,‘大丰30’与大豆带状复种能够显著提高作物产量及氮素利用率,可作为山西省最优组合推广。 相似文献
90.
为解决黑龙江省早春大棚土壤温度低及设施土壤环境恶化问题,以‘千禧’番茄为材料,研究秸秆+牛粪(NGH)、秸秆+马粪(MGH)、秸秆+羊粪(YGH)、单一秸秆(JG),以未进行反应堆技术为对照(CK),对早春大棚‘千禧’番茄土壤温度、土壤理化性状、酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,各处理降低了土壤pH,提高了土壤温度、土壤EC、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量及土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。经过秸秆生物反应堆处理的20 cm土层温度有明显的提升,其中秸秆+羊粪处理在反应启动后提升土壤温度效果最好;秸秆+羊粪(YGH)处理提高了土壤速效磷含量,是对照的2倍;秸秆+羊粪(YGH)处理土壤中4种酶活性均处于最高水平,分别比对照提高了91.9%、220%、18.5%、7.3%。各处理微生物多样性指数均显著高于对照,变化规律一致为秸秆+羊粪(YGH)>秸秆+牛粪(NGH)>秸秆+马粪(MGH)>秸秆(JG)>对照(CK);秸秆+羊粪(YGH)及秸秆+牛粪(NGH)处理对糖类、氨基酸类、酯类、醇类、胺类、酸类6类碳源的利用能力最强,显著高于其他处理和对照。应用主成分分析和聚类分析方法将大棚番茄土壤分为4个等级,秸秆+羊粪(YGH)处理为第一级,秸秆+牛粪(NGH)处理为第二级,秸秆+马粪(MGH)及单一秸秆(JG)处理为第三级,对照(CK)为第四级。应用秸秆复合有机酿热物生物反应堆促进了土壤环境的改善,以秸秆+羊粪(YGH)作为复合有机酿热物效果最佳。 相似文献